If you’ve been told to take allopurinol, you’re probably dealing with gout, kidney stones, or another condition linked to high uric acid. In plain terms, allopurinol lowers the amount of uric acid your body makes, which helps stop painful attacks and long‑term damage.
Allopurinol belongs to a class called xanthine oxidase inhibitors. The enzyme it blocks is responsible for turning purines (found in many foods) into uric acid. By slowing this process, the medication keeps uric acid levels in check. Most people start feeling fewer gout flares after a few weeks, but the drug works best when you stay on it long term.
The typical starting dose for adults is 100 mg once a day. Your doctor may increase it by 100 mg every two to four weeks until your uric‑acid test shows a safe level, usually not more than 300 mg a day. Take the pill with a full glass of water after meals – food can reduce stomach upset.
Don’t skip doses hoping to feel better faster. Skipping can cause uric‑acid spikes and trigger a gout attack. If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember unless it’s almost time for the next one. In that case, skip the missed dose – don’t double up.
Most people tolerate allopurinol well, but a few side effects pop up:
Rarely, a serious condition called Stevens‑Johnson syndrome can develop. If you notice blistering, fever, or flu‑like symptoms, call your doctor immediately.
Alcohol can raise uric‑acid levels and make gout worse, so keep drinking low or none. High‑purine foods – like red meat, organ meats, and certain seafood – can also counteract the drug’s effect.
Talk to your doctor before starting any new medicines, especially aspirin, anticoagulants (warfarin), or certain antibiotics (like ampicillin). These can interact with allopurinol and change how it works.
After you begin treatment, your doctor will check blood tests every few weeks to see how uric acid is responding. Keep a list of any side effects and bring it in to appointments. If your levels are still high, the dose may be adjusted, or another medication could be added.
Staying consistent, drinking plenty of water, and watching your diet will boost the benefits of allopurinol. Most people find that with the right routine, gout attacks become rare and joint pain eases.
Got questions about your prescription? Ask your pharmacist or doctor – they can clear up dosing doubts, talk about safety, and help you avoid drug interactions. Using allopurinol correctly is a teamwork effort between you and your healthcare team.
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